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OntoBPR: An ontological workflow for building permit review

Metadata

IRI
https://w3id.org/ontobpr
Creator(s)
Sebastian Seiss Orcid logo (sebastian.seiss@uni-weimar.de) of Bauhaus-Universitaet Weimar, DE
Sven Zentgraf Orcid logo (sven.zentgraf@rub.de) of Ruhr University Bochum, DE
Dr. Philipp Hagedorn Orcid logo (philipp.hagedorn-n6v@rub.de) of Ruhr University Bochum, DE
Dr. Judith Fauth Orcid logo (jf805@cam.ac.uk) of University of Cambridge, GB
Ontology RDF
RDF (turtle)

Description

To avoid a digital disruption in planning buildings and structures, this research presents a workflow in which building codes are represented as machine-readable knowledge graphs and ontologies as an integration to the building permit review procedure and the participation process. Therefore, the building permit process was analyzed, and possible applications of ontology-based knowledge representations are explored. An ontology-based building permit review (OntoBPR) is proposed, reusing two existing ontologies for modeling the permit review workflow for representing the building codes. The OntoBPR ontology extends the approach with a connection to Information Containers for linked Document Delivery (ICDD) that are used for submitting the building application, and the Shapes Constraint Language (SHACL) of which rules are generated from the building code knowledge graphs.

Free of pitfalls

Table of Contents

  1. Classes
  2. Object Properties
  3. Datatype Properties
  4. Named Individuals
  5. Namespaces
  6. Legend

Overview

Figure 1: Ontology overview
Figure 2: Defined activities
Figure 3: Content review with OntoBPR

Classes

Activityc

IRI https://w3id.org/ontobpr#Activity
Description

an Activity executed throughout the building permit review

Super-classes owl:Thingc
Restrictions ontobpr:isCompleteddp exactly 1
Sub-classes ontobpr:Assignmentc
ontobpr:PositivePermitDecisionc
ontobpr:ReviewPreparationc
ontobpr:CreatingNotificationLetterc
ontobpr:IssuingNotificationLetterc
ontobpr:FormulationOfConditionc
ontobpr:JustificationOfNegativeDecisionc
ontobpr:ContentReviewc
ontobpr:RequestReviewResultsc
ontobpr:CompletenessCheckc
ontobpr:Participationc
ontobpr:NegativePermitDecisionc
ontobpr:FormalReviewc
In domain of ontobpr:isCompleteddp
ontobpr:afterActivityop
In range of ontobpr:hasCurrentActivityop
ontobpr:belongsToActivityop
ontobpr:afterActivityop

(2) Assignmentc

IRI https://w3id.org/ontobpr#Assignment
Description

the Assignment activity

Super-classes ontobpr:Activityc
Restrictions ontobpr:afterActivityop exactly 1 ontobpr:FormalReviewc

Buildingc

IRI https://w3id.org/ontobpr#Building
Description

The building that is subject of this building application

Super-classes owl:Thingc
Restrictions ontobpr:hasBuildingDocumentop some ct:Documentc
In domain of ontobpr:hasBuildingDocumentop

Building applicationc

IRI https://w3id.org/ontobpr#BuildingApplication
Is Defined By https://w3id.org/obpa#BuildingApplication
Description

the building application that is submitted by an applicant for review

Restrictions ontobpr:hasStatusop exactly 1 ontobpr:ReviewStatusc
ontobpr:hasBuildingApplicationContainerop exactly 1 ct:ContainerDescriptionc
ontobpr:hasStatementop some ontobpr:ReviewStatementc
ontobpr:hasApplicationDocumentop some ct:Documentc
ontobpr:hasCurrentActivityop exactly 1 ontobpr:Activityc
ontobpr:hasCheckingResultsop some ontobpr:ReviewResultc
In domain of ontobpr:hasBuildingApplicationContainerop
ontobpr:hasDocumentop
ontobpr:hasStatusop
ontobpr:hasCurrentActivityop
ontobpr:hasApplicationDocumentop
ontobpr:hasStatementop
ontobpr:hasCheckingResultsop
ontobpr:appliesop

Building authorityc

IRI https://w3id.org/ontobpr#BuildingAuthority
Is Defined By https://w3id.org/obpa#BuildingAuthority
Description

a building authority that is involved in a building permit review

In domain of ontobpr:checksop

Dictionaryc

IRI https://w3id.org/ontobpr#BuildingCodeDictionary
Description

A dictionary containing properties and shapes from a building code

Restrictions ontobpr:hasShapesSetop exactly 1 ontobpr:ShaclShapesSetc
In domain of ontobpr:hasShapesSetop
In range of ontobpr:checksop
ontobpr:appliesop

(1.1) Completeness check c

IRI https://w3id.org/ontobpr#CompletenessCheck
Description

the Completeness check activity

Super-classes ontobpr:Activityc
Restrictions ontobpr:hasShapesSetop exactly 1 ontobpr:ShaclShapesSetc

Conditionc

IRI https://w3id.org/ontobpr#Condition
Description

a formulated condition statement of a conditionally accepted application

Super-classes ontobpr:ReviewStatementc

(4) Content review c

IRI https://w3id.org/ontobpr#ContentReview
Description

The Content review activity

Super-classes ontobpr:Activityc
Restrictions ontobpr:afterActivityop exactly 1 ontobpr:FormalReviewc

(5.4) Creating notification letterc

IRI https://w3id.org/ontobpr#CreatingNotificationLetter
Description

The Creating notification letter activity

Super-classes ontobpr:Activityc
Restrictions ontobpr:afterActivityop max 1 ontobpr:FormulationOfConditionc
ontobpr:afterActivityop max 1 ontobpr:JustificationOfNegativeDecisionc

(1) Formal reviewc

IRI https://w3id.org/ontobpr#FormalReview
Description

The Formal review activity

Super-classes ontobpr:Activityc
Restrictions obpa:hasSubActivity exactly 1 ontobpr:ReviewPreparationc
obpa:hasSubActivity exactly 1 ontobpr:CompletenessCheckc

(5.3a) Formulation of condition c

IRI https://w3id.org/ontobpr#FormulationOfCondition
Description

the Formulation of condition activity

Super-classes ontobpr:Activityc
Restrictions ontobpr:afterActivityop exactly 1 ontobpr:PositivePermitDecisionc

(5) Issuing notification letter c

IRI https://w3id.org/ontobpr#IssuingNotificationLetter
Description

the Issuing notification letter activity

Super-classes ontobpr:Activityc
Restrictions obpa:hasSubActivity max 1 ontobpr:JustificationOfNegativeDecisionc
obpa:hasSubActivity exactly 1 ontobpr:CreatingNotificationLetterc
ontobpr:afterActivityop max 1 ontobpr:Assignmentc
obpa:hasSubActivity max 1 ontobpr:FormulationOfConditionc
ontobpr:afterActivityop max 1 ontobpr:Participationc
obpa:hasSubActivity max 1 ontobpr:NegativePermitDecisionc
obpa:hasSubActivity max 1 ontobpr:PositivePermitDecisionc
obpa:hasSubActivity exactly 1 ontobpr:RequestReviewResultsc
ontobpr:afterActivityop max 1 ontobpr:ContentReviewc

Justificationc

IRI https://w3id.org/ontobpr#Justification
Description

justification statement of a negative building permit review decision

Super-classes ontobpr:ReviewStatementc

(5.3b) Justification of negative decision c

IRI https://w3id.org/ontobpr#JustificationOfNegativeDecision
Description

the Justification of negative decision activity

Super-classes ontobpr:Activityc
Restrictions ontobpr:afterActivityop exactly 1 ontobpr:NegativePermitDecisionc

(5.2b) Negative permit decision c

IRI https://w3id.org/ontobpr#NegativePermitDecision
Description

the Negative permit decision activity

Super-classes ontobpr:Activityc
Restrictions ontobpr:afterActivityop exactly 1 ontobpr:RequestReviewResultsc

(3) Participation c

IRI https://w3id.org/ontobpr#Participation
Description

the Participation activity

Super-classes ontobpr:Activityc
Restrictions ontobpr:afterActivityop exactly 1 ontobpr:FormalReviewc

(5.2a) Positive permit decision c

IRI https://w3id.org/ontobpr#PositivePermitDecision
Description

the Positive permit decision activity

Super-classes ontobpr:Activityc
Restrictions ontobpr:afterActivityop exactly 1 ontobpr:RequestReviewResultsc

(5.1) Request review results c

IRI https://w3id.org/ontobpr#RequestReviewResults
Description

the Request review results activity

Super-classes ontobpr:Activityc

(1.2) Review preparation c

IRI https://w3id.org/ontobpr#ReviewPreparation
Description

the Review preparation activity

Super-classes ontobpr:Activityc
Restrictions ontobpr:afterActivityop exactly 1 ontobpr:CompletenessCheckc

Review checking resultc

IRI https://w3id.org/ontobpr#ReviewResult
Description

the review result of a particular agent incorporating a sh:ValidationReport

Super-classes owl:Thingc
Restrictions ontobpr:hasCheckingResultsop some sh:ValidationReportc
dcterms:issued exactly 1 xsd:datec
obpa:hasAgent exactly 1 obpa:Agentc
In range of ontobpr:hasCheckingResultsop

Review statementc

IRI https://w3id.org/ontobpr#ReviewStatement
Description

a general review statement for logging events during the building permit review

Super-classes owl:Thingc
Restrictions dcterms:issued exactly 1 xsd:datec
rdfs:comment exactly 1 xsd:stringc
obpa:hasAgent exactly 1 obpa:Agentc
ontobpr:belongsToActivityop exactly 1 ontobpr:Activityc
Sub-classes ontobpr:Justificationc
ontobpr:Conditionc
In domain of ontobpr:belongsToActivityop
In range of ontobpr:hasStatementop

Review statusc

IRI https://w3id.org/ontobpr#ReviewStatus
Description

the status of the building application within the building permit review

Super-classes owl:Thingc
In range of ontobpr:hasStatusop

SHACL shapes setc

IRI https://w3id.org/ontobpr#ShaclShapesSet
Description

a set of SHACL shapes for validating data at various activities of the building permit review

Super-classes owl:Thingc
Restrictions ontobpr:hasShapesop some sh:Shapec
In domain of ontobpr:hasShapesop
In range of ontobpr:hasShapesSetop

Object Properties

after activityop

IRI https://w3id.org/ontobpr#afterActivity
Description an activity is executed after another activity
Super-properties owl:topObjectProperty
Domain(s) ontobpr:Activityc
Range(s) ontobpr:Activityc

appliesop

IRI https://w3id.org/ontobpr#applies
Description BuildingApplication applies a BuildingCodeDictionary for checking
Super-properties owl:topObjectProperty
Domain(s) obpa:BuildingApplicationc ontobpr:BuildingApplicationc
Range(s) ontobpr:BuildingCodeDictionaryc isoprops:Dictionaryc

belongs to activityop

IRI https://w3id.org/ontobpr#belongsToActivity
Description a ReviewStatement belongs to a particular Activity
Super-properties owl:topObjectProperty
Domain(s) ontobpr:ReviewStatementc
Range(s) ontobpr:Activityc

checksop

IRI https://w3id.org/ontobpr#checks
Description BuildingAuthority checks a building regarding a BuildingCodeDictionary
Super-properties owl:topObjectProperty
Domain(s) ontobpr:BuildingAuthorityc obpa:BuildingAuthorityc
Range(s) ontobpr:BuildingCodeDictionaryc isoprops:Dictionaryc

has application documentop

IRI https://w3id.org/ontobpr#hasApplicationDocument
Description a BuildingApplication has a respective document (e.g. PDF) representing a human-readable version of the application
Super-properties ontobpr:hasDocumentop
Domain(s) ontobpr:BuildingApplicationc
Range(s) ct:Documentc

has building application containerop

IRI https://w3id.org/ontobpr#hasBuildingApplicationContainer
Description the reference from a BuildingApplication to an ICDD container
Super-properties owl:topObjectProperty
Domain(s) ontobpr:BuildingApplicationc
Range(s) ct:ContainerDescriptionc

has building documentop

IRI https://w3id.org/ontobpr#hasBuildingDocument
Description A Building has a document, which is the IFC representation of this Building
Super-properties ontobpr:hasDocumentop
Domain(s) ontobpr:Buildingc
Range(s) ct:Documentc

has checking resultsop

IRI https://w3id.org/ontobpr#hasCheckingResults
Description either a BuildingApplication has ReviewResult or a ReviewResult has sh:ValidationReport
Super-properties owl:topObjectProperty
Domain(s) ontobpr:BuildingApplicationc
Range(s) ontobpr:ReviewResultc

has current activityop

IRI https://w3id.org/ontobpr#hasCurrentActivity
Description a BuildingApplication is in the current Activity
Super-properties owl:topObjectProperty
Domain(s) ontobpr:BuildingApplicationc
Range(s) ontobpr:Activityc

has documentop

IRI https://w3id.org/ontobpr#hasDocument
Description abstract property grouping hasApplicationDocument and hasBuildingDocument
Super-properties owl:topObjectProperty
Domain(s) ontobpr:BuildingApplicationc
Range(s) ct:Documentc

has shapesop

IRI https://w3id.org/ontobpr#hasShapes
Description ShaclShapesSet has sh:Shape instances
Super-properties owl:topObjectProperty
Domain(s) ontobpr:ShaclShapesSetc
Range(s) sh:Shapec

has shapes setop

IRI https://w3id.org/ontobpr#hasShapesSet
Description either an Activity or a BuildingCodeDictionary has a ShaclShapesSet
Super-properties owl:topObjectProperty
Domain(s) ontobpr:BuildingCodeDictionaryc
Range(s) ontobpr:ShaclShapesSetc

has statementop

IRI https://w3id.org/ontobpr#hasStatement
Description any ReviewStatement of any reviewer is attached to a BuildingApplication
Super-properties owl:topObjectProperty
Domain(s) ontobpr:BuildingApplicationc
Range(s) ontobpr:ReviewStatementc

has statusop

IRI https://w3id.org/ontobpr#hasStatus
Description the ReviewStatus of a BuildingApplication
Super-properties owl:topObjectProperty
Domain(s) ontobpr:BuildingApplicationc
Range(s) ontobpr:ReviewStatusc

Datatype Properties

is completeddp

IRI https://w3id.org/ontobpr#isCompleted
Description a boolean property indicating whether an activity is completet or not
Super-properties owl:topDataProperty
Domain(s) ontobpr:Activityc
Range(s) xsd:booleanc

Named Individuals

Acceptedni

Classes(s)
ontobpr:ReviewStatus
IRI https://w3id.org/ontobpr#Accepted

Accepted with conditionsni

Classes(s)
ontobpr:ReviewStatus
IRI https://w3id.org/ontobpr#AcceptedWithConditions

Rejectedni

Classes(s)
ontobpr:ReviewStatus
IRI https://w3id.org/ontobpr#Rejected

Request informationni

Classes(s)
ontobpr:ReviewStatus
IRI https://w3id.org/ontobpr#RequestInformation

Under reviewni

Classes(s)
ontobpr:ReviewStatus
IRI https://w3id.org/ontobpr#UnderReview

Namespaces

default (:)
https://w3id.org/ontobpr#
ct
https://standards.iso.org/iso/21597/-1/ed-1/en/Container#
dc
http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
dcterms
http://purl.org/dc/terms/
isoprops
https://w3id.org/isoprops#
obpa
https://w3id.org/obpa#
ontobpr
https://w3id.org/ontobpr#
owl
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
prov
http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
rdf
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
sdo
https://schema.org/
sh
http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#
skos
http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
vann
http://purl.org/vocab/vann/
xml
http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace
xsd
http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#

Legend

cClasses
opObject Properties
fpFunctional Properties
dpData Properties
dpAnnotation Properties
pProperties
niNamed Individuals