OntoBPR: An ontological workflow for building permit review
type: Ontology
created: 2022-12-23
creator: Dr. Judith Fauth
  member of: University of Cambridge, GB
  type: Person
creator: Dr. Philipp Hagedorn
  member of: Ruhr University Bochum, DE
  type: Person
creator: Sebastian Seiss
  member of: Bauhaus-Universitaet Weimar, DE
  type: Person
creator: Sven Zentgraf
  member of: Ruhr University Bochum, DE
  type: Person
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
source: https://github.com/RUB-Informatik-im-Bauwesen/ontobpr
preferred namespace prefix: ontobpr
comment: To avoid a digital disruption in planning buildings and structures, this research presents a workflow in which building codes are represented as machine-readable knowledge graphs and ontologies as an integration to the building permit review procedure and the participation process. Therefore, the building permit process was analyzed, and possible applications of ontology-based knowledge representations are explored. An ontology-based building permit review (OntoBPR) is proposed, reusing two existing ontologies for modeling the permit review workflow for representing the building codes. The OntoBPR ontology extends the approach with a connection to Information Containers for linked Document Delivery (ICDD) that are used for submitting the building application, and the Shapes Constraint Language (SHACL) of which rules are generated from the building code knowledge graphs. @en

after activity
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: topObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: Activity
range: Activity
comment: an activity is executed after another activity

applies
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: topObjectProperty
domain: BuildingApplication
domain: Building application
range: Dictionary
comment: BuildingApplication applies a BuildingCodeDictionary for checking

Dictionary
type: Class
equivalent class: Dictionary
subclass of: Restriction
  on class: SHACL shapes set
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on property: has shapes set

belongs to activity
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: topObjectProperty
domain: Review statement
range: Activity
comment: a ReviewStatement belongs to a particular Activity

checks
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: topObjectProperty
domain: BuildingAuthority
domain: Building authority
range: Dictionary
comment: BuildingAuthority checks a building regarding a BuildingCodeDictionary

has application document
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has document
domain: Building application
range: Document
property disjoint with: has building document
comment: a BuildingApplication has a respective document (e.g. PDF) representing a human-readable version of the application

has building application container
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: topObjectProperty
domain: Building application
range: ContainerDescription
comment: the reference from a BuildingApplication to an ICDD container

has building document
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has document
domain: Building
range: Document
comment: A Building has a document, which is the IFC representation of this Building

has checking results
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: topObjectProperty
domain: Building application
range: Review checking result
comment: either a BuildingApplication has ReviewResult or a ReviewResult has sh:ValidationReport

has current activity
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: topObjectProperty
domain: Building application
range: Activity
comment: a BuildingApplication is in the current Activity

has document
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: topObjectProperty
domain: Building application
range: Document
comment: abstract property grouping hasApplicationDocument and hasBuildingDocument

has document classification
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: topObjectProperty
domain: Document
range: Document classification
comment: The classification of a ct:Document in an ICDD container in the context of a building application.

has shapes
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: topObjectProperty
domain: SHACL shapes set
range: Shape
comment: ShaclShapesSet has sh:Shape instances

has shapes set
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: topObjectProperty
domain: Dictionary
range: SHACL shapes set
comment: either an Activity or a BuildingCodeDictionary has a ShaclShapesSet

has statement
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: topObjectProperty
domain: Building application
range: Review statement
comment: any ReviewStatement of any reviewer is attached to a BuildingApplication

has status
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: topObjectProperty
domain: Building application
range: Review status
comment: the ReviewStatus of a BuildingApplication

is completed
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: topDataProperty
domain: Activity
range: boolean
comment: a boolean property indicating whether an activity is completet or not

Activity
type: Class
subclass of: Thing
subclass of: Restriction
  on data range: boolean
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on property: is completed
comment: an Activity executed throughout the building permit review

(2) Assignment
type: Class
subclass of: Activity
subclass of: Restriction
  on class: (1) Formal review
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on property: after activity
comment: the Assignment activity

Building
type: Class
subclass of: Thing
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Document
  on property: has building document
comment: The building that is subject of this building application

Building application
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Document
  on property: has application document
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Review checking result
  on property: has checking results
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Review statement
  on property: has statement
subclass of: Restriction
  on class: ContainerDescription
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on property: has building application container
subclass of: Restriction
  on class: Activity
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on property: has current activity
subclass of: Restriction
  on class: Review status
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on property: has status
comment: the building application that is submitted by an applicant for review

Building authority
type: Class
comment: a building authority that is involved in a building permit review

Dictionary
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on class: SHACL shapes set
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on property: has shapes set
comment: A dictionary containing properties and shapes from a building code

(1.1) Completeness check
type: Class
subclass of: Activity
subclass of: Restriction
  on class: SHACL shapes set
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on property: has shapes set
comment: the Completeness check activity

Condition
type: Class
subclass of: Review statement
disjoint with: Justification
comment: a formulated condition statement of a conditionally accepted application

(4) Content review
type: Class
subclass of: Activity
subclass of: Restriction
  on class: (1) Formal review
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on property: after activity
comment: The Content review activity

(5.4) Creating notification letter
type: Class
subclass of: Activity
subclass of: Restriction
  on class: (5.3a) Formulation of condition
  max qualified cardinality: 1
  on property: after activity
subclass of: Restriction
  on class: (5.3b) Justification of negative decision
  max qualified cardinality: 1
  on property: after activity
comment: The Creating notification letter activity

Document classification
type: Class
subclass of: Thing
comment: The classification of a document in the context of a building application.

(1) Formal review
type: Class
subclass of: Error29
subclass of: Error30
subclass of: Activity
comment: The Formal review activity

(5.3a) Formulation of condition
type: Class
subclass of: Activity
subclass of: Restriction
  on class: (5.2a) Positive permit decision
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on property: after activity
comment: the Formulation of condition activity

(5) Issuing notification letter
type: Class
subclass of: Error31
subclass of: Error32
subclass of: Error33
subclass of: Error34
subclass of: Error35
subclass of: Error36
subclass of: Activity
subclass of: Restriction
  on class: (2) Assignment
  max qualified cardinality: 1
  on property: after activity
subclass of: Restriction
  on class: (4) Content review
  max qualified cardinality: 1
  on property: after activity
subclass of: Restriction
  on class: (3) Participation
  max qualified cardinality: 1
  on property: after activity
comment: the Issuing notification letter activity

Justification
type: Class
subclass of: Review statement
comment: justification statement of a negative building permit review decision

(5.3b) Justification of negative decision
type: Class
subclass of: Activity
subclass of: Restriction
  on class: (5.2b) Negative permit decision
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on property: after activity
comment: the Justification of negative decision activity

(5.2b) Negative permit decision
type: Class
subclass of: Activity
subclass of: Restriction
  on class: (5.1) Request review results
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on property: after activity
comment: the Negative permit decision activity

(3) Participation
type: Class
subclass of: Activity
subclass of: Restriction
  on class: (1) Formal review
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on property: after activity
comment: the Participation activity

(5.2a) Positive permit decision
type: Class
subclass of: Activity
subclass of: Restriction
  on class: (5.1) Request review results
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on property: after activity
comment: the Positive permit decision activity

(5.1) Request review results
type: Class
subclass of: Activity
comment: the Request review results activity

(1.2) Review preparation
type: Class
subclass of: Activity
subclass of: Restriction
  on class: (1.1) Completeness check
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on property: after activity
comment: the Review preparation activity

Review checking result
type: Class
subclass of: Error27
subclass of: Error28
subclass of: Thing
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: ValidationReport
  on property: has checking results
comment: the review result of a particular agent incorporating a sh:ValidationReport

Review statement
type: Class
subclass of: Error37
subclass of: Error38
subclass of: Error39
subclass of: Thing
subclass of: Restriction
  on class: Activity
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on property: belongs to activity
comment: a general review statement for logging events during the building permit review

Review status
type: Class
subclass of: Thing
comment: the status of the building application within the building permit review

SHACL shapes set
type: Class
subclass of: Thing
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Shape
  on property: has shapes
comment: a set of SHACL shapes for validating data at various activities of the building permit review

Accepted
type: NamedIndividual
type: Review status

Accepted with conditions
type: NamedIndividual
type: Review status

Application form
type: NamedIndividual
type: Document classification
comment: Das Antragsformular umfasst die Stammdaten des Antrags, z.B. Andressdaten, Kontaktdaten des Entwurfsverfassers, die Verfahrensart, Nachbarbeteiligungen, etc.
comment: The application form includes the data of the application, e.g., address data, contact details of the design engineer/architect, type of procedure, neighbor participation, etc.
label: Antragsformular

Building description
type: NamedIndividual
type: Document classification
comment: Baubeschreibungen umfassen Informationen zur generellen Funktion des Gebäude (Gebäudetyp, Nutzungsart, etc.) und bei betrieblicher oder landwirtschaftlicher Nutzung auch eine betrieblichiche Beschreibung des Gebäude
comment: Building descriptions include information on the general function of the building (building type, type of use, etc.) and, in the case of commercial or agricultural use, also an operational description of the building.
label: Baubeschreibung

Building model
type: NamedIndividual
type: Document classification
comment: Umfasst ein oder mehrere Modelle im Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) Format.
comment: Includes one or more models in Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) format.
label: Bauwerksmodell

Engineering proofs
type: NamedIndividual
type: Document classification
comment: Umfassen üblicherweise Dokumente über spezielle Nachweise, z.B. des Brandschutzes, der Statik, des Schallschutzes oder der Barrierefreiheit.
comment: Usually include documents relating to specific certifications or proofs, e.g., fire protection, structural stability, sound insulation, or accessibility.
label: Bautechnische Nachweise

Plot related plans
type: NamedIndividual
type: Document classification
comment: Umfassen Planunterlagen, die das Grundstück und die Lage betreffen (üblicherweise im Maßstab größer als 1:500), z.B. Lageplan, Entwässerungsplan, Abstandsflächenplan
comment: Include planning documents relating to the plot and its location (usually on a scale larger than 1:500), e.g., site plan, drainage plan, setbacks planning.
label: Grundstücksbezogene Planunterlagen

Rejected
type: NamedIndividual
type: Review status

Request information
type: NamedIndividual
type: Review status

Technical drawing
type: NamedIndividual
type: Document classification
comment: Umfassen technische Zeichnungen, die das Bauwerk betreffen (Maßstäbe üblicherweise 1:100, seltener auch Detailzeichnungen in Maßstab 1:50 oder kleiner), z.B. Ansichten, Schnitte, Grundrisse
comment: Include technical drawings relating to the structure (usually on a scale of 1:100, less commonly detailed drawings on a scale of 1:50 or smaller), e.g. elevations, sections, floor plans.
label: Bauzeichnung

Unclassified
type: NamedIndividual
type: Document classification
label: Nicht näher klassifiziert

Under review
type: NamedIndividual
type: Review status

qualified cardinality: 1

qualified cardinality: 1

max qualified cardinality: 1

max qualified cardinality: 1

max qualified cardinality: 1

qualified cardinality: 1

qualified cardinality: 1

qualified cardinality: 1

qualified cardinality: 1

qualified cardinality: 1

qualified cardinality: 1

qualified cardinality: 1

max qualified cardinality: 1